In a remote forest fragment in Tanzania, scientists have made a remarkable discovery: a uniquely-colored horned viper extending over two feet long (643 millimeters) that evolved from its closest relative over two million years ago. Unfortunately, however, the new species—named Matilda\'s horned viper (Atheris matildae)—survives in a small degraded habitat and is believed to be Critically Endangered. Given its scarcity, its discoverers are working to preempt an insidious threat to the new species. Scientists love nothing more than finding unknown animals, but the public announcement has sometimes been the beginning of the species\' undoing, especially in the case of reptiles and amphibians. Hotly pursued by the black market pet trade, in the past new species have been helplessly decimated by collectors shortly after their scientific description is published. As such, Matilda\'s horned viper\'s discoverers are not only keeping the snake\'s location a closely-guarded secret, but have already set up an emergency conservation program. They won\'t let this species vanish without a fight.