Traditional farming methods are crucial for protecting a number of threatened bird species in the developing world, including bustards, cranes, ibises and vultures, a study has found. Livestock grazing and features associated with arable farming — such as hedgerows — create environmental conditions that certain birds currently depend on for food, shelter and breeding, the authors report. But as industrial farming methods eliminate these habitats, these species are threatened with extinction, said Hugh Wright, a researcher in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, and lead author of the study, published in Conservation Letters earlier this month (5 December). \"There really is no hope for these species if industrial farming continues unchecked,\" he told SciDev.Net. Although reintroducing or mimicking traditional farming techniques has had success in conserving wildlife in Europe, \"conservation in the developing world has always focused on pristine forest ecosystems and has paid little attention to where farming might be beneficial,\" Wright said.