More than one million S.Sudan refugees in Uganda

 The number of South Sudanese who have fled to Uganda has hit one million, the UN said Thursday, with no end in sight to the war behind the world's fastest-growing refugee crisis.

The nearly four-year civil war has pushed an average of 1,800 South Sudanese into neighbouring Uganda every day for the past year, many of them women and children fleeing "barbaric violence", according to the UN's refugee agency (UNHCR).

Another one million have sought refuge elsewhere in the region, but it is Uganda -- one of the world's poorest countries and the size of the United Kingdom -- that has borne the brunt of the crisis.

"We still have new arrivals coming, and we cannot really see, you can say, the end of the new arrivals," said Bik Lum, head of the UNHCR in Arua in northern Uganda, home to Bidibidi, the world's largest refugee camp with around 270,000 residents.

South Sudan's civil war began in December 2013 just two years after it obtained independence, when President Salva Kiir accused his former deputy Riek Machar of plotting a coup.

- Overwhelming misery -

The conflict initially pitted Machar's ethnic Nuer against Kiir's Dinka, but since the collapse of a peace agreement in 2015, the war has engulfed other ethnic groups and local grievances.

Thousands of people have been killed and millions displaced by the violence, which plunged part of the country into famine earlier this year.

"The number of hungry and displaced South Sudanese is overwhelming," said International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) president Peter Maurer.

"The staggering scale of suffering is evidence of the cumulative effect of three-and-a-half years of a style of fighting that appears calibrated to maximise misery. Warfare should not directly impact the lives of so many civilians."

In addition to the one million South Sudanese refugees in Uganda, at least a million more have fled to Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic, according to UN numbers.

An additional two million people are internally displaced.

"Recent arrivals continue to speak of barbaric violence, with armed groups reportedly burning down houses with civilians inside, people being killed in front of family members, sexual assaults of women and girls, and kidnapping of boys for forced conscription," the UNCHR said in a statement.

UNHCR estimates it will need $674 million (576 million euros) this year alone to help the refugees in Uganda, but said that so far it had received just a fifth of that amount.

- Questions over figures -

In June, The UN's World Food Programme had to slash food rations for refugees in the country, while doctors, nurses and medicines are in short supply, it said.

Schooling has also been affected.

"Normal classrooms will have at least 53 or 55 students. But on average here, one classroom is having 110 pupils under a teacher, under the same roof," said Simon Abukua, principal of the Ocea Primary School.

"And when a teacher is inside there, the teacher has nowhere to stand."

While there is no denying the gravity of the situation, questions have been raised over the accuracy of the number of refugees. 

Responsibility for registering the number of new arrivals falls to the Ugandan prime minister's office, but development and emergency workers have for months privately expressed concern that the numbers of refugees may be inflated.

Elizabeth Pfifer, Uganda country representative for the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) NGO, says only the planned biometric registration of refugees will "help to relieve some of the inconsistencies and questions around the actual numbers."

"Some households have registered multiple times because there are different lists but now having biometric registration cards is going to give us a better sense of actual numbers," Pfifer told AFP. 

Uganda has long been praised for having one of the world's most progressive refugee policies. 

The government allows refugees to work and move around the country while communities in the north have donated land for settlements.

However the scale of the crisis has overwhelmed local communities and strained their hospitality.

The figure of one million refugees arriving in Uganda compares with a similar number of migrants who arrived in Europe during the height of its migrant crisis in 2015.

And with no end in sight to South Sudan's woes, the refugees are unlikely to go home anytime soon.

"If the government is changed and we have a new leader with a new government system, maybe I will come," said Jasmine Ramadan, a refugee working as a shopkeeper, who fled the violence.

"Because, what they did to me... I don't feel like going back."

Source: AFP